Introduction to heredity, prenatal development, and birth 3. The first two weeks of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differation embryonic period the stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eight week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs develope. Periods of prenatal development the prenatal period extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy. Montessori and the prenatal stage of development pathway. Nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. Delivery, due or birth date is calculated by estimating a 40 weeks delivery date, calculated after the first day of the mothers last period. During this period, cells continue to differentiate and at 22 days after conception the neural tube forms which will become the brain and spinal column. What to expect at every stage, from conception to birth and postnatal care. Explain how the developing embryo and fetus may be harmed by the presence of teratogens and describe what a mother can do to reduce her risk. Moreover, although these developments are driven by genetic and maturational forces, experiential factors also play an influential. Chapter 4 dna, cell division, and early pregnancy factor epf the zygotes 46 chromosomes represent the unique first edition of a new individuals complete genetic blueprint. During this cycle the child is fully dependant on hisher mother for its nutritional necessities.
Prenatal development nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. Aug 17, 2019 during this period, cells continue to differentiate and at 22 days after conception the neural tube forms which will become the brain and spinal column. Prenatal development starts with fertilization, in the germinal stage of embryonic development, and continues in fetal development until birth. Prenatal development is also organized into three equal trimesters, which do not correspond with the three stages. By the end of the first stage, contractions come every two to five minutes and dilate the cervix to an. Section 4, article 1 prenatal development usually takes between 266 and 280 days, or 38 to 40 weeks, which can be divided into three stages. Stages of baby development from conception to birth hello. This is conception and prenatal development, section 6. It is still too early to determine whether the baby is a boy or girl, but youll soon feel the jerks felt from babys hiccups one of the. Prenatal development, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth.
The zygote divides into two cells, then four, then 8, then sixteen, and so on. Expert advice and guidance for a healthy, happy pregnancy and baby mackonochie, alison on. Witness the journey from conception to birth through astonishing 3d images hardcover. Development happens quickly during the prenatal period, which is the time between conception and birth. Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. Environmental influences cont maternal factors nutrition and maternal weight need 300 500 more calories a day need extra protein weight gain of 25 35 pounds less likely to have birth complications overweight before pregnancy highest risk of stillbirth or losing baby during first week of life. Development during the prenatal period is remarkably rapid. Feb 05, 20 periods of prenatal development the prenatal period extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.
Increased sophistication in technology, such as ultrasound imaging, has allowed us to examine the developing organism early in development and with great detail. The twoweek period after conception is called the germinal stage. Birth, of course, does not mark the beginning of human development. This master plan resides in tightly coiled molecules called dna. The germinal period about 14 days in length lasts from conception to.
Compare the images to see the growth of the fetus in each. Prenatal development tthe sperm and ovum that unite to form the new. For example, a small indentation, the neural groove, forms and later develops into the fetuss brain and nervous system. Its the first pregnancy book ive read that really focuses on what is changing. Now is the best time for looking after yourself so you can grow a strong, healthy baby. Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare.
The book tracks the development of a baby from the moment of conception, through the explosively complex early stages of development and the amazing stages of growth as. Prenatal development cliffsnotes study guides book. Environmental influences cont maternal factors nutrition and maternal weight need 300 500 more calories a day need extra protein weight gain of 25 35 pounds less likely to have birth complications overweight before pregnancy highest risk of. The claim that intakes of vitamin a over 10,000 iu per day can increase the risk of birth defects can be traced back to a 1995 paper published by a group of researchers led by dr. Growth during prenatal development occurs in two major directions. At this moment conception, the sex and genetic makeup of the fetus begins. Proportionally greater growth and development takes place 4. The second trimester is weeks to 27, and the third trimester starts about 28 weeks and lasts until birth. We conclude with the remark able capacities of newborns. During implantation, the rate of cell division increases, and the first signs of specialized organs and tissues appear. Its goal is to provide regular checkups that allow doctors or midwives to treat and prevent potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy and to promote healthy lifestyles that benefit both mother and child. Conception and prenatal development 2012 book archive. Prenatal development starts with fertilization, in the germinal stage of embryonic development, and continues in fetal development until birth in human pregnancy, prenatal development is also called antenatal development. The prenatal period extends from conception to birth.
The changes in the embryos appearance will continue rapidly from this point until birth. Conception conception is the union of the mothers and fathers sex cells, also known as gametes or germ cells. Although much of prenatal development occurs within the physical domain, developments in the cognitive and psychosocial domains also emerge at this time. Thomas verney writes in his book, the secret life of the unborn child, the unborn child is a feeling, remembering, aware being, and because he is, what happens to himwhat happens to all of usin the nine months between conception and birth molds and shapes personality, drives and ambitions in very important ways. While the inner layer of embryonic cells is busy forming the embryo itself. Newer technology, such as the mri, is giving us an even. Chapter 4 dna, cell division, and early pregnancy factor epf the zygotes 46 chromosomes represent the unique first edition of a new individuals complete genetic. Around 36 weeks, the fetus is almost ready for birth. During the germinal stage fertilization2 weeks and embryonic stage 28 weeks, the fertilized egg rapidly divides and attaches to the uterine wall, the major organs and systems of the body differentiate, and interconnections form between the developing components. At week 9, your baby has graduated from embryo to fetus.
The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period. Chapter 3 prenatal development, birth, and the newborn baby 63 table 3. The only thing i didnt care for was that it shows and talks about how they made the fetal models. The prenatal environment of the developing organism 1 the developing unborn baby is being studied today in ways that were not possible a short time ago. Prenatal development is the process that occurs during the 40 weeks prior to the birth of a child. The resulting singlecelled embryo is called a zygote, meaning yoked or joined together. Its scope is the description and explanation of experience and behaviour of the individual before birth and postnatal consequences as well. Not a guidebook but a visual diary of fetal development via computer imaging. Following the first 8 weeks until birth, it is referred to as a fetus. Development begins at conception when sperm cells unite with the ovum.
Germinal stage weeks 12 in the discussion of biopsychology earlier in the book, you learned about genetics and dna. During the germinal stage fertilization2 weeks and embryonic stage 28 weeks, the fertilized egg rapidly divides and attaches to the uterine wall, the major organs and systems of the body differentiate, and. Conception to birth visualized alexander tsiaras youtube. The three stages of prenatal development are the germinal stage, the embryonic stage and the fetal stage. Prenatal development from conception to birth bsp 1b. Its goal is to provide regular checkups that allow doctors or midwives to treat and prevent potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy and to promote healthy. All of prenatal development occurs within the womb.
Your babys journey from conception to birth parents. Conception occurs when an egg from the mother is fertilized by a sperm from the father. Read about the changes that take place during each trimester in figure 19. Conception occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote figure 1.
Development in the prenatal period liberty university. Prenatal development from latin natalis, meaning relating to birth includes the development of the embryo and of the fetus during a viviparous animals gestation. This is segmentation, or the first stage of development in the prenatal stage. Much of development is generated by the fetus itself. In the first stage, lasting 12 to 24 hours for firsttime mothers, uterine contractions spaced 15 to 20 minutes apart in the beginning and lasting up to a minute stretch the womans cervix and it begins to open. The 3 primary stages of prenatal development are the germinal period, the embryonic period, and the fetal period.
The fetus quickly grows as bones and muscles form, and it begins to move inside the uterus. Most women dont even realise they are pregnant at this stage. In the discussion of biopsychology earlier in the book, you learned about genetics and dna. The germinal period is the first 2 weeks of prenatal. The major changes that occur within each of the three prenatal periods the prenatal period is the time of development and growth of a child before hisher birth.
In so far as the actual birth process is involved one can consider this perinatal psychology. Step one of conception is when the sperm penetrates the egg to complete the genetic makeup of a human fetus. If conception occurs and a sperm and ovum unite, the newly formed zygote, or conceptus, travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the uterine wall. All this is made possible by revolutions in two sciences.
In the first four weeks from conception, fetal growth of the ovum begins with development of the spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs. The prenatal stage is from the moment of fertilization, to birth. Each of these stages is important for reaching the ultimate goal of a healthy baby. About one month into this stage, the sex organs of the fetus begin to form. These nine months are divided into three 3month periods called trimesters. The book tracks the development of a baby from the moment of conception, through the explosively complex early stages of development and the amazing stages of growth as the baby is nurtured by the mother, ending with the joy of birth.
Stages of baby development from conception to birth. Period from conception to birth called the prenatal period. The three stages of pregnancy 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd trimester conception to about the 12th week of pregnancy marks the first trimester. Child development chapter 4 prenatal development and birth. Lets take a look at what happens to the developing baby in each of these stages. Prenatal psychology can be seen as a part of developmental psychology, although historically it was developed in the heterogenous field of psychoanalysis. The ovum is then picked up by fingerlike structures called fimbriae and is swept into the nearby fallopian tube. The prenatal development period covers the time from conception to birth and is sometimes described in terms of trimesters first, second, and third or of three stages germinal, embryonic, and fetal. Prenatal development introduction to psychology lumen learning. Prenatal development takes about 38 weeks to complete and goes through these three developmental stages. The process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. I really like this book with all the stages of fetal development.
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